Task 2 Template:
- Well, the _________ / Well, the university wants to _________
- First off, ... (给出第一个细节)
- Besides, .... （给出第二个细节）
- And in the conversation, the man / woman doesn't like the idea.（给出对话中学生的观点）
- First off, .... （第一个原因）
- So, ... （展开）
- _____________, ...（第二个原因）
- And, ... （展开）
- Therefore, the man / woman __________
Task 3 Template :
- Well, the reading passage talks about + 学术名词
- And it means that .....
- For example, ... (给出例子)
- And, ... (给出更多的细节)
- On top of that , ... (递进)
- And, ... (表示并列)
- So, ... (表示结果)
- As a result, .... (表示结果)
- Therefore, this is a good example that explains + 学术名词
文本：
Ecosystem Resilience
An ecosystem is a local environment with its complex community of organisms functioning together as a unit. An ecosystem can be damaged by natural disasters or by human activity. If the ecosystem has a limited variety of species, then destroying even one species of plant or animal can change the ecosystem forever. A resilient ecosystem, however, is able to restore itself to its original, pre-disturbance condition. Resilience in an ecosystem is possible when the ecosystem is populated by a large variety of species: if one species is eliminated by a disturbance, other species are able to take the place of that species, which allows the ecosystem to avoid long-term change.
听力材料：
Narrator: Now listen to part of a lecture on this topic in an ecology class.
Professor: Okay, this happened a few years back. There was this healthy coral reef in the Pacific Ocean.
You know how gorgeous coral reefs are with all the red, pink, and orange. And it had a huge variety of species (um...) of fish and plants that it protected and provided with food.
Then the sea water got polluted, because the ships built a large amount of diesel fuel. The pollution caused a species of fish to die out.
And this fish that died out used to eat a particular type of ocean plant called algae.
Now of course, if there aren't any fish to eat algae, the algae will grow out of control. And there will be too much algae, which is very bad for coral.
But that did not happen to this coral reef. Know why it didn't happen?
Because there were still many other species left that ate that same algae.
So even though the algae increased at first, so did the population of the other fish species who ate the algae. Because there was more algae for them to eat.
The other species took over for the fish that died out. And eventually the coral reef looked about the same as before.
Now, think about what would have happened to this coral reef if there had not been a wide variety of different fish species.
If that one species of fish that ate algae had died off, well you can imagine, soon the whole coral reef would have been covered in algae.
组织语言：
The passage talks about ecosystem resilience, and it means a local environment with its complex community of organisms functioning together as a unit. If the ecosystem is damaged, and it can restore itself to its original. The professor illustrates this concept by giving the example of coral reefs, which live in the pacific ocean. When the sea water get polluted, it caused a species of fish to die out, which may result in the increasing number of algae. But it didn't happen because there were many other species that ate the same algae. Eventually, the coral reefs looked about the same as before.
If there hadn't been a a wide range of different fishes who ate the algae, soon the whole coral reefs would have been covered in algae.
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The reading passage talks about task partitioning. It means that different species of insects have different ways of organising the essential tasks that need to be completed in order for them to survive.
For example, leaf - cutter ants, they work in 3 groups. The first group’s job is to climb up to a tree and cut off pieces of leaves. Then let the leaves fall down to the ground below instead of carrying the leaf pieces back down the tree.
The second group’s job is to cut the leaves down into smaller pieces that are easier for them to carry.
The third group’s job is to bring the leaf pieces back to the nest. Therefore, this is a good example that explains task partitioning.
The reading passage talks about Ecosystem resilience. And it means that an ecosystem is a local environment with its complex community of organisms functioning together as a unit.
For example, there was one coral reef in the Pacific Ocean. And then the sea water got polluted causing a species of fish to die out. And the fish used to eat one type of plant called algae. On top of that, the number of algae should be increasing but it is not. The number of other fish species would increase and the coral reef looked about the same as before.Thus this is good example of example.
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Task 4 Template :
- Well, the professor talks about + 主题
- And the first one is (that) ....
- For example, ...(给出例子)
- You know, .. (表示解释说明)
- So, ...
- Besides, another one is (that) ...
- For example, ...
- As a result , ...
- Therefore, there are the + 主题 (给出总结)
听力文本：
Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a business class.
Professor: So recently we've been looking at how consumers make decisions about which products to buy. Let's consider how consumers feel when making a big purchase.
When a product they're thinking about buying is something expensive, often people feel that they are taking a chance, spending a lot of money on something when they aren't really sure how good the product is.
So to reduce this feeling of risk, consumers use specific strategies to help them make purchasing decisions.
One strategy to reduce the feeling of risk is doing thorough research to find out as much information as possible about a product before buying it.
By collecting information from many sources, the consumer gets a sense of whether a product is likely to perform well.
For example, imagine that someone wants a new computer. But deciding which computer to buy feels risky, because they could end up with a bad computer.
So by taking time to read online reviews from experts about different manufacturers and listening to the opinions of many people who have computers, the individual will often feel safer making the decision about which computer is best.
Another strategy consumers used to reduce the feeling of risk is staying loyal to one particular brand or company.
When consumers have purchased products from a company and have experienced satisfaction with those products, they will trust the company and feel confident buying from it again.
For example, let's say a family buys a new car from a particular company, and the car performs very well and lasts a long time.
Well, the next time they go to buy a car, they'll decide to use that same company, because they trust that they'll have another positive experience.
组织语言：
Well, the professor talks about how consumers make decisions about which products to buy and concludes 2 strategies. First, to reduce the feeling of risk, consumers would do research as much as possible about the product before buying it. For example, when people want to buy a new computer, and they will read online reviews from experts and opinions from many people , then they will feel safer buying a computer. Secondly, people will reduce the feeling of risk by staying loyal to one particular brand or company. For example, a family buys a a new car from a particular company and the car performs really well. The next time they go to buy a car, they'll decide to use the same company because they believe that they will have another potitive experience.
